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Although the cells are an element of the electrical switchgear itself, these are in turn composed of different elements that make up the cells. Let’s look at the main ones:
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Observing the electrical grid in detail is similar to observing an enormous and complex spider web. Infinite lines intertwine and form nodes through which the energy that fuels our needs as consumers circulates. To achieve this, these nodes have a multitude of technological elements that are part of the so-called electrical switchgear and are located in multiple places. Dedicated to different functions, they all have one thing in common: ensuring that energy reaches the end consumption points continuously, efficiently, and safely. Although we have already detailed what main elements make up this electrical switchgear and what its overall functions are, today we are going to take a break to explain one of the most relevant and well-known systems: the medium voltage switchgear, also called the electrical distribution switchgear.
These technological marvels – the result of decades of development and engineering applied to the field of electrical energy – are one of the key players in ensuring that the electrical grid is managed perfectly and, thus, avoid a possible total collapse of the rest of the switchgear in the event of a voltage, current and/or frequency problem. Thus, the cells fulfill the function of receiving electricity and distributing it to the electrical transformer so that it varies the arrival voltage, it would be something like a very large switch on the scale of these electrical voltages.
In addition to this, the function of the cell goes further, acting as a protector of the transformer and the rest of the elements that follow it in the distribution chain, such as the low voltage panel, from possible alterations in the network. That is, the cells can also function as large protective fuses, which prevent the rest of the components from suffering problems in situations of voltage alteration.
However, medium-voltage cells are present at all times where an end user requires electricity. They are used to distribute electrical energy from high-voltage transmission lines to end consumers, for specific use in industrial applications such as factories, mining operations, or to connect renewable energy sources such as solar, hydroelectric or wind power to the electrical grid. This is why they are so relevant in our society.
To perform these functions, the cells are subjected to a very significant electrical voltage, since the electrical energy flows through their interior either at high or medium voltage, which implies that, in order to guarantee their conduction properties, a stable and safe technological solution is required that meets the technical requirements of each installation. The power reaches them through the electrical grid and must be conducted to the rest of the elements or interrupted according to the needs at any given time.
Thus, the most advanced medium-voltage distribution cells use a technology known as GIS (Gas Insulated Switchgear). This solution is based on the use of different types of gases as insulation to generate an insulation barrier inside the cell tank where the dynamic elements interact, thus enabling its safe and efficient operation. These gases include compounds such as SF6 (sulfur hexafluoride), which has been the predominant insulator in the industry in recent decades, or new and innovative industrial natural air solutions such as those implemented by Ormazabal in its cgm.zero24 and sbp.zero24 solutions. A technology that emerges after more than 10 years of continuous research and that will represent an evolutionary change in terms of technological sustainability.
As we said before, cells are elements that can act in different configurations and sets depending on the needs of the electrical installation in general and of the users. One of the great revolutions in the world of cells was the technology of interconnection of the same, what is commonly called “cell sewing”; a development that allows you to configure numerous arrangements of different cells, each with its own function, in a single thread of cells as a whole. In this way, the circuit runs through different cells with specific functions that together generate a complete solution.
Within these different cells, we can mainly find the following:
To understand what types of medium voltage cells exist, it is important to know their functions. Depending on the power of the installation or node, two types of distribution cells are distinguished: primary distribution and secondary distribution.
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electrical switchgear
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